Win 2. The only Union successes to date, McClellan was ordered to Washington by President Lincoln after Brigadier General Irvin McDowell's defeat at First Bull Run. George was the grandson of This promotion, along with the support of Governor Dennison, encouraged Lincoln to commission McClellan a major general in the Regular Army, making him one of the highest ranked individuals in the service, under only Winfield Scott. Styled the “Young Napoleon” by the press, his battlefield successes and failures were eclipsed by controversies that arose between him and his superiors, especially U.S. president Abraham Lincoln. At Malvern Hill McClellan was on the defensive. At the time, Electing to capitalize on his railroad knowledge, he resigned his commission on January 16, 1857 and became the chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad. He graduated second in a class of 59 in 1846, along with 20 others who would become full rank generals during the Civil War. https://www.thoughtco.com/major-general-george-mcclellan-2360570 (accessed May 15, 2021). The Battle of Savage's Station was fought June 29, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Hickman, Kennedy. His classmates included future notable generals in Jesse L. Reno, Darius N. Couch, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, George Stoneman, and George Pickett. With few options, he turned to a young George B. McClellan for his next General-in-Chief. Please note that the locations and events listed on our itineraries do not reflect any potential closures due to COVID-19. These American commanders have lost the battle for history. Although the Union army repulsed the attacks, McClellan again delayed any further movement, hoping for more reinforcements to come from Washington. Marrying Mary Ellen Marcy on May 22, 1860 in New York City, McClellan was an avid supporter of Democrat Stephen Douglas in the 1860 presidential election. George Brinton McClellan was born December 23, 1826 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Attacking on September 14, McClellan's army cleared the Confederates away at the Battle of South Mountain. He dug in, and Lee sent in uncoordinated attacks uphill against an entrenched enemy. In 1862, McClellan's Peninsula Campaign unraveled after the Seven Days Battles, and he also failed to decisively defeat Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army at the Battle of Antietam. Though public calls for his return were issued after the defeats at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, McClellan was left to write an account of his campaigns. Nominated as the Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1864, McClellan was hamstrung by his personal view that the war should be continued and the Union restored and the party's platform which called for an end to the fighting and a negotiated peace. McClellan resigned his army commission on Election Day, but ultimately Lincoln was elected to a second term. Son and third child of Dr. George McClellan (1796–1847) and Elizabeth Steinmetz Brinton McClellan (1800-1889). Sign up to receive emails with our resources for educators to support their work – in the classroom and online. Lincoln also offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Major General Ambrose Burnside, but he declined. An opponent of federal interference with enslavement, he was also quietly approached by the South but refused citing his rejection of the concept of secession. From 1848 to 1851 he taught military engineering at West Point. Seven Pines had another adverse impact on the campaign. On June 27, Lee resumed his attacks and won a victory at Gaines Mill. Hickman, Kennedy. The Southern forces were led by General Robert E. Lee and the Northern forces were led by General George B. McClellan. In the spring of 1862, McClellan was removed as General-in-Chief, though he retained command of the Army of the Potomac. Ohio Governor William Dennison was the most persistent, so McClellan was commissioned a major generalof volunteers and took command of the Ohi… Embarking six days later, the army began a slow movement to the Peninsula. George McClellan was a U.S. Army engineer, railroad president and politician who served as a major general during the Civil War. In the decade after the war, McClellan enjoyed two long trips to Europe and returned to the world of engineering and railroads. We suggest checking online or calling ahead as you plan your visits. McClellan ran on an anti-war platform, promising that he would negotiate peace terms with the Confederacy to help end the war as soon as possible. George McClellan - General McClellan was appointed head of the Union Army of the Potomac after the First Battle of Bull Run. This saw inconclusive fighting at Oak Grove on June 25 and a tactical Union victory at Beaver Dam Creek the next day. Additionally, McClellan became highly secretive and refused to share strategy or basic army information with Scott and Lincoln's cabinet. Advancing west, McClellan moved slowly and again was convinced that he faced a larger opponent. George B McClellan only conducted four significant operations in the 17 mos he commanded in Ohio and Virginia: 1. McClellan served with distinction under Winfield Scott in the Mexican War. George Brinton McClellan is best remembered as one of the most prominent of the long of failed generals who commanded the Army of the Potomac during the Civil War. With Pope's force shattered, Lincoln, against the wishes of many Cabinet members, returned McClellan to overall command around Washington on September 2. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a Major general in Union army during the American Civil War. The general countered by saying the army needed time to rest and refit. Early on in the Civil War, George McClellan was extremely successful. Although many politicians and generals harbored resentment toward McClellan, he was largely revered by his men. George Brinton McClellan (Filadelfia, 3 de diciembre de 1825 - Orange, 29 de octubre de 1885) fue un militar y político estadounidense, que participó en las primeras etapas de la guerra civil de los Estados Unidos con el rango de mayor general. As a result, McClellan was made general-in-chief, despite some misgivings from Lincoln. At the meeting, he outlined a plan calling for the army to move down the Chesapeake to Urbanna on the Rappahannock River before marching to Richmond. A skilled engineer, McClellan was later assigned to survey routes for the transcontinental railroad by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. Continually tricked by Confederate commander General Joseph E. Johnston that he was facing a large force, McClellan frequently delayed his attacks, allowing his opponent ample time to retreat slowly toward the Richmond defenses. He was appointed as a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers and served under General Winfield Scott during the Mexican-American War, helping to construct roads and bridges for the army. Help Save 110 Acres at Three Civil War Battlefields, Help Tell African American Stories of Valor, Kentuckians: Support Battlefield Preservation Legislation, Virginians: Support Battlefield Preservation Legislation. With Little Mac at its head, the Army of the Potomac moved to counter Lee's 1862 invasion of Maryland. Confederate General Robert E. Lee drove the invading Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, away from Richmond and into a retreat down the Virginia Peninsula. https://www.nps.gov/.../learn/historyculture/gbmcclellan.htm (2021, February 16). With the election of Abraham Lincoln and the resulting Secession Crisis, McClellan was eagerly sought by several states, including Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, to lead their militia. McClellan was second in his class at West Point, he was an engineer, a brilliant organizer, he wrote many books on military tactics; he studied Napoleon, and fought bravely in the Mexican War. Though Lee retreated after the battle, McClellan had missed a key opportunity to crush a smaller, weaker army and perhaps end the war in the East. Thousands of Confederate and Union soldiers fought in battles such as Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Cold … B. McCLELLAN, Major-General, Commanding. Nicknamed "Young Napoleon," "Little Mac" was immensely popular with the men who served under his command. George McClellan and his wife Ellen Mary Marcy McClellan was attacked several times by General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia, which was much smaller in size than McClellan’s army during the Seven Days’ Battles. Reaching Frederick, Maryland, McClellan was presented with a copy of Lee's movement orders which had been found by a Union soldier. McClellan resigned his commission January 16, 1857, and, capitalizing on his experience with railroad assessment, became chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad and also president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1860. After a series of skirmishes along the Blue Ridge mountains, the two armies met in an epic contest at Antietam on September 17, 1862, the single bloodiest day of the war. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Born, Philadelphia, Pa. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. McClellan returned to a training role at West Point after the war and oversaw a company of engineers. The Battle of Shiloh was a battle in the Western Theater fought April 6–7, 1862, … This duty was brief as he was soon dispatched to the Rio Grande for service in the Mexican-American War. ThoughtCo. Quickly losing his nerve, McClellan began falling back during a series of engagements known as the Seven Days Battles. George McClellan Summary: George McClellan was a major general during the American Civil War.Nicknamed “Young Napoleon” and “Little Mac,” he twice was commander of Army of the Potomac, the Union’s largest army, and fought as general-in-chief of the Union army until being removed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862. George B. McClellan, in full George Brinton McClellan, (born December 3, 1826, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died October 29, 1885, Orange, New Jersey), general who skillfully reorganized Union forces in the first year of the American Civil War (1861–65) but drew wide criticism for repeatedly failing to press his advantage over Confederate troops. Seven Days’ Battles, (June 25–July 1, 1862), series of American Civil War battles in which a Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee drove back General George B. McClellan’s Union forces and thwarted the Northern attempt to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Early in the war, McClellan played an important ro… O.R.-- SERIES I--VOLUME XI/2 [S# 13] PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN--SEVEN DAYS' BATTLES Report of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, U.S. Army, Commanding Army of the Potomac. This George McClellan mug is part of our Civil War Series profiling participants in the War Between the States. Report of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, U.S. Army, Commanding Army of the Potomac. This success, combined with the defeat of General Irvin McDowell at the Battle of First Bull Run, led McClellan to become Commander of the Army of the Potomac, and later General-in-Chief of all Federal armies upon the retirement of General Winfield Scott in November 1861. Abraham Lincoln, electorate, George McClellan, Illinois, Illinois Central Railroad, Lincoln-Douglas debates, Stephen Douglas, voters, voting, voting fraud As it does today, the idea that people will vote when they have no right to — and thus, potentially, misdirect the will of the people — shadowed the 1858 election for U.S. In the wake of the battle, McClellan failed to pursue Lee's wounded army. At least he could have been and should have been. Joining Pope's men to the Army of the Potomac, McClellan moved west with his reorganized army in pursuit of Lee who had invaded Maryland. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. McClellan won a few battles in West Virginia and he was quickly given the nickname of "Young Napoleon" General McClellan was eventually put in charge of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; After taking control of the Army of the Potomac, he succeeded Winfield Scott as general-in-chief. Show More. American Civil War: Major General George McClellan. This saw inconclusive fighting at Oak Grove on June 25 and a tactical Union victory at Beaver Dam Creek the next day. The couple produced five children: a daughter, Frederica; then three sons, John, George, and Arthur; and a second daughter, Mary. Concentrating his army at Harrison's Landing on the James River, McClellan remained in place protected by the guns of the US Navy. General George B. McClellan commanded Federal Armies at the battles of Rich Mountain, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Oak Grove, Beaver Dam Creek(Mechanicsville), Gaines Mill, … In 1857, McClellan resigned from the military to take a position with the Illinois Central Railroad. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The 1st and 2nd West Virginia were also raised the same month as Union infantry, participating in the first battle of the campaign at Philippi. George B. McClellan Born George Brinton McClellan Dec. 3, 1826 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Died Oct. 29, 1885 (at age 58) Orange, New Jersey Allegiance United States of America Union Rank Major General (1846–1857, 1861–1864) Battles/wars Mexican–American War American Civil War Battle of Rich Mountain Peninsula Campaign Seven Days Battles Maryland Campaign Battle of Antietam George … He led the Peninsular Campaign, an attempt to take Richmond, Virginia that didn't work. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. George B. McClellan Born George Brinton McClellan Dec. 3, 1826 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Died Oct. 29, 1885 (at age 58) Orange, New Jersey Allegiance United States of America Union Rank Major General (1846–1857, 1861–1864) Battles/wars Mexican–American War American Civil War Battle of Rich Mountain Peninsula Campaign Seven Days Battles Maryland Campaign Battle of Antietam George B. Ordered to report to Trenton, New Jersey to await orders by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, McClellan was effectively sidelined. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 53,000 acres in 24 states! He won the election and served a single term, leaving office in 1881. However, as much as he disagreed with federal involvement with slavery he liked secession even less. On May 14, he received a commission as a major general in the regular army making him second in seniority to Scott. He always thought he was outnumbered when, in fact, his army was usually much larger than the Confederate army. At the start of the Civil War, McClellan's knowledge of what was called "big war science" and his railroad experience suggested he might excel at military logistics. His stance was so strong on this issue that when the Civil War broke out he was recruited to become a Confederate General. Remaining around Sharpsburg, he was visited by Lincoln. On election day, he was defeated by Lincoln who won with 212 electoral votes and 55% of the popular vote. "American Civil War: Major General George McClellan." The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the Southern United States, was a battle of the American Civil War, fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek. McClellan began his work swiftly, ensuring that Kentucky would not secede from the Union. "American Civil War: Major General George McClellan." An adept organizer, he worked tirelessly to create the Army of the Potomac and cared deeply for the welfare of his men. The third child of Dr. George McClellan and Elizabeth Brinton, McClellan briefly attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1840 before leaving to pursue legal studies. In school, many of McClellan's close friends, including A.P. As the army grew, he became increasingly convinced that the Confederate forces opposing him in northern Virginia badly outnumbered him. Malvern Hill and Antitam. As the war was brought to a successful conclusion, McClellan also learned the value of balancing political and military affairs as well as maintaining relations with civilian populations. … Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. These proved unnecessary as the enemy fell back. 1598 Words 7 Pages. By mid-August, he believed that enemy strength numbered around 150,000 when in fact it seldom exceeded 60,000. Confederate General Robert E. Lee drove the invading Union Army of the Potomac , commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , away from Richmond and into a retreat down the Virginia Peninsula . Again believing that it was he who was badly outnumbered, McClellan refused to commit two of his corps and held them in reserve when their presence on the field would have been decisive. Preserve 108 Acres of the Most Important Unprotected Battlefield Land! There are a total of (8) Peninsular Campaign Timeline (March - July 1862) events in the CivilWarTimeline.net database. Unlike many of his colleagues who were abolitionists, he did not support federal involvement in state affairs. McClellan was born in Philadelphia, the son of a prominent surgical ophthalmologist, Dr. George McClellan, the founder of Jefferson Medical College. Also, his insistence on not interfering with enslavement drew ire from Congress and the White House. He would join the Union and becom… In addition, McClellan ordered an extensive series of fortifications constructed to protect the city from Confederate attack. After the war, McClellan served as an administrator for a number of engineering firms and, in 1878, was elected Governor of New Jersey. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/george-b-mcclellan The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. George Mcclellan's Battle. McClellan served with distinction under Winfield Scott in the Mexican War.From 1848 to 1851 he taught military engineering at West Point. Increasingly more secretive regarding his plans, McClellan openly disdained the president, referring to him as a "well-mannered baboon," and weakened his position through frequent insubordination. As he built his army, however, McClellan also became wary of Confederate forces, fearing that he faced numbers many times his own. While Lee fell back to Sharpsburg, McClellan advanced to Antietam Creek east of the town. Frequently butting heads with Scott regarding strategy, McClellan's favored fighting a grand battle rather than implementing Scott's Anaconda Plan. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. It took place near Sharpsburg, Maryland. George Brinton McClellan is often remembered as the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, Ohio governor William Dennison appointed McClellan major general of Ohio Volunteers on April 23, 1861. He was also a military observer during the Crimean War. Q: How many soldiers died in the Seven Days’ Battles? Over the course of the bloody Seven Days' Battles, McClellan’s mighty army was forced to abandon its bid to seize Richmond and retreat to the safety of Washington. This worked about as well as one would think. However, McClellan was a cautious general, who refused to go after the Confederates during the Battle of Antietam. In place four days, he wrote a detailed letter to Scott, now general-in-chief, outlining two plans for winning the war. Although never being actually defeated in these battles McClellan nevertheless retreated. George McClellan was the greatest Union general during the Civil War. Beginning the Battle of Antietam early on the 17th, McClellan established his headquarters far to the rear and was unable to exert personal control over his men. Though a poor field commander, his departure was mourned by the men who felt that "Little Mac" had always worked to care for them and their morale. Subsequent fighting saw Union forces driven back at Savage's Station and Glendale before finally making at stand at Malvern Hill on July 1. Commanders of Chaos: The 5 Worst Generals in U.S. History. Lee had available to him fewer than 40,000 men, and 200 guns. Quickly losing his nerve, McClellan began falling back during a series of engagements known as the Seven Days Battles. Accepting Ohio's offer, McClellan was commissioned a major general of volunteers on April 23, 1861. Graduating second in his class in 1846, he was assigned to the Corps of Engineers and ordered to remain at West Point. With the aid of President John Tyler, McClellan received an appointment to West Point in 1842 despite being a year younger than the typical entry age of sixteen. Despite a boastful telegram to Lincoln, McClellan continued to move slowly allowing Lee to occupy the passes over South Mountain. The fourth of the Seven Days Battles outside Richmond, VA, Savage's Station saw General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia pursuing Major General George B. McClellan's retreating Army of the Potomac. Bored with the law, McClellan elected to seek a military career two years later. George B. McClellan and Mary Ellen Marcy (Nelly) McClellan. In the end, George McClellan would be called upon, a second time, to save the Union. George McClellan: The American Civil War was a factory for producing bad generals such as Braxton Bragg and Ambrose Burnside. He was relieved of his command after this. It was during this time that McClellan cemented his bond with the men of the Union army. Facing growing anger over his inaction, McClellan was called to the White House on January 12, 1862 to explain his campaign plans. Recovering, he shifted south to join General Winfield Scott for the advance on Mexico City. Both were dismissed by Scott as unfeasible which led to tensions between the two men. The plan was simple, Union General William T. Sherman and his three separate armies with over 110,000 men, would advance south, seek and destroy the Confederate Army of Tennessee and capture Atlanta. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a Major general in Union army during the American Civil War. Following Pope's failure to capture Richmond, the subsequent Union defeat at the Battle of Second Manassas, McClellan was once again leading the army that had such strong affection for him. Other duties included service as an engineer at Fort Delaware, expeditions to explore the Red River, and the exploration of possible routes for the transcontinental railroad. George McClellan built the most famous Union army of the war, the Army of the Potomac, and led the army to victory at the Battle of Antietam. Battle weary and bloodied, the Confederate Army retreated back into Virginia under the cover of darkness. Campaign Atlanta; At the beginning of 1864, the Union was poised to begin its final drive into the deep South. In 1861 and 1862, he was in charge of the Army of the Potomac. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/major-general-george-mcclellan-2360570. General George McClellan was a key figure in the prosecution of the American Civil War, particularly during 1862, when he led the Union Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign, a failed offensive to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond in the spring, and the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest single day in American history, on September 17, 1862. General McClellan was appointed as the head of the Union Army of the Potomac after the First Battle of Bull Run. His cautiousness hurt him throughout the entire Civil War. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Preserve 28 Acres at Two Critical Eastern Theater Battlefields. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 October 29, 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. Preforming reconnaissance missions for Scott, McClellan gained invaluable experience and earned a brevet promotion to first lieutenant for his performance at Contreras and Churubusco. While McClellan remained on the Peninsula calling for reinforcements and blaming Lincoln for his failure, the president appointed Major General Henry Halleck as general-in-chief and ordered Major General John Pope to form the Army of Virginia. McClellan resigned his commission January 16, 1857, and, capitalizing on his experience with railroad assessment, became chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad and also president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1860. His new plan called for landing at Fortress Monroe and advancing up the Peninsula to Richmond. McClellan began his military career after entering the United States Military Academy in 1842. An ambitious student while at the academy, he developed a great interest in the military theories of Antoine-Henri Jomini and Dennis Hart Mahan. In November of that year McClellan was relieved of command for the last time and ordered back to Trenton, New Jersey to await further orders, though none ever came. After the defeat at Manassas, much of the Army of the Potomac was unorganized, and its new commander set to work providing the men proper military training and instilling in them a remarkable esprit de corps. Convinced that the timid McClellan would not make another attempt on Richmond, Lee moved north and crushed Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas on August 28-30. Vida. In 1864, McClellan became involved in politics when he was nominated to be the Democratic candidate for president against his former boss, Abraham Lincoln. Moving to occupy western Virginia to protect the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, he courted controversy by announcing that he would not interfere with enslavement in the area. Although McClellan failed as a battle field commander many other aspects of his life were highly successful. Hickman, Kennedy. In 1861 and 1862, he was in charge of the Army of the Potomac . During the battle, Confederate General Johnston was wounded, and Robert E. Lee was appointed to replace him. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Camp at Berkeley, ... GEO. Crawling forward, he reached a point four miles from Richmond when he was attacked by General Joseph Johnston at Seven Pines on May 31. Two. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Stalled at Yorktown by Confederate earthworks, he paused to bring up siege guns. Arriving off the Rio Grande too late to take part in Major General Zachary Taylor's campaign against Monterrey, he fell ill for a month with dysentery and malaria. Peninsular landing and retreat of Johnston to Richmond. George McClellan's story is one of success and failure, and it is very important to the history of the American Civil War. George B. McClellan. Following the Confederate withdraw, he came under heavy criticism for allowing their escape and was removed as general-in-chief on March 11, 1862. He also ran for president in 1864. He performed well in both jobs, expanding the Illinois Central toward New … George McClellan is one of the mysteries of the Civil War. As a result of the failed campaign, Lincoln named Henry Halleck as General-in-Chief of the army, and the Army of the Potomac was given to General John Pope. An intended attack on the 16th was called off allowing Lee to dig in. Though a gifted railroad man, McClellan's primary interest remained the military and he considered returning the US Army and becoming a mercenary in support of Benito Juárez. Reaching the city on July 26, he was made commander of the Military District of the Potomac and immediately began assembling an army out of the units in the area. This placed him in great demand as the Union mobilized. Major General George B. McClellans candid letters to his wife and peevish exchanges with Union Army General-in-Chief Henry W. 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Tax-Deductible gift will help US to preserve this irreplaceable twice-hallowed ground at Gaines Mill over his inaction, McClellan appointed! With our resources for educators to support their work – in the Union army of the Potomac after Confederates. His army at Harrison 's landing on the campaign an intended attack on the Trust are tax to! Oak Grove on June 25 and a tactical Union victory at Gaines Mill failed to pursue 's... The Most Important Unprotected Battlefield land is a historian, museum director and. Do not reflect any potential closures due to COVID-19 on not interfering with enslavement drew ire from Congress and northern! George B McClellan only conducted four significant operations in the spring of 1862, during the Seven ’. Governor of New Jersey the general countered by saying the army needed time to and... And more, during the Battle for history who were abolitionists, he had hoped to named! 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