Over its now 10-year lifespan, the Worlds of Journalism Study has become a truly collaborative endeavor that developed a life of its own. With this selection of countries, the study deliberately tried to account for the diversity of journalistic cultures from around the world. In the end, one may end up with least common denominators on the conceptual level that are so meaningless theoretically that the project would do much better without theory altogether. The mission of the study, as detailed on the project website, reads as follows: The Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS) is an academically driven project that was founded to regularly assess the state of journalism throughout the world. This is not the place to reproduce the full panoply of findings that resulted from the first study. Finally, we found journalists in all investigated countries to have alarmingly little trust in political parties and politicians. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. As project leaders, we attempted to deal with this problem by designing a target sample with quotas for different types of media outlets, to which all collaborators had to tailor their samples. In hindsight, we could have anticipated these problems from the start because, in the end, there is little one can do to fully avoid them. For the future, we hope that the study may become institutionalized even more, to the extent that it may conduct similar surveys over time for a longitudinal assessment of the development of journalism cultures. We believe that given the complexity of a multinational endeavor such as the Worlds of Journalism Study, methodological problems are bound to occur—in some contexts more than in others. study journalism practice and culture as a hybrid (McMillin, 2007), hence the need for a definition of journalism that can reflect and accommodate the global political differences and culture (Wasserman and de Beer, 2009). tural group in the world is an ideal goal in the global market place, but not a realistic one. We use cookies to improve your website experience. We decided to be open about this imperfection and documented all potential threats to data integrity internally for our members and externally on our website. As a result, the project rapidly grew into a large collaborative effort that, by the time this essay is written, involves 66 countries. Research in journalism studies around the world consistently highlights the existence of similarities and differences across cultures which signify the natural diversities in our world. There is no doubt about the differences and similarities that exist between the males and the females. In a nutshell, every country is represented by at least one Principal Investigator. In content, SEO keywords are king. Statistical expertise varied greatly among participating researchers; hence, we also needed to provide methodological advice and expertise to colleagues in some countries. Although we aspire to the highest levels of methodological rigor, we were not always and not everywhere able to fully meet those aspirations. To a significant degree, however, the success of the project is intrinsically tied to the time in which it was created. Likewise, the collaborative development of research tools can turn into a traumatic experience. E-mail: hanitzsch@ifkw.lmu.de, Political News Journalists: Partisanship, Professionalism, and Political Roles in Five Countries, Organizing and Managing Comparative Research Projects Across Nations: Models and Challenges of Coordinated Collaboration, Political Information Opportunities in Europe: A Longitudinal and Comparative Study of Thirteen Television Systems, Social Science, Communication Research and the Third World, Deconstructing Journalism Culture: Toward a Universal Theory, Explaining Journalists’ Trust in Public Institutions Across 20 Countries: Media Freedom, Corruption and Ownership Matter Most, Modeling Perceived Influences on Journalism: Evidence from a Cross-National Survey of Journalists, Mapping Journalism Cultures across Nations: A Comparative Study of 18 Countries, Journalism beyond Democracy: A New Look Into Journalistic Roles in Political and Everyday Life, Mediating Orientation and Self-expression in the World of Consumption: Australian and German Lifestyle Journalists’ Professional Views, On the Challenges of Cross-national Comparative Media Research, Islam, Identity and Professional Values: A Study of Journalists in three Muslim-majority regions, Mind the Gap: Between Journalistic Role Conception and Role Enactment, Different Roles, Different Content? Finally, Yigal Godler and Zvi Reich explore journalists’ opinions about facts across the globe, finding a relationship between the level of journalists’ freedom and their conceptions of knowledge and reality. This is underlined by some examples of what can go wrong in studies such as ours. We deliberately tried to avoid basic descriptive comparisons of journalists in specific countries but rather examined a variety of themes or certain political, economic, social, cultural and linguistic contexts. The first wave of the study had shown us the difficulty of certain modes in some countries, often for cultural reasons, but even at times for reasons of journalists’ safety. Guest Editor: Folker Hanusch, Small Beginnings: The Early Days of the Worlds of Journalism Study (2007–2011), Expanding Across the Globe: The Second Phase of the Worlds of Journalism Study (2012–2015). Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. They range from the genes to the anatomy and physiology. Leading off the issue is a paper by Geneviève Bonin and colleagues which argues that French-speaking journalists in Canada, Belgium and Switzerland have in common more politicized and less audience-oriented role perceptions than their other-language counterparts in these countries. Achieving these targets was not an easy undertaking, and the success of the project is due only to the hard work, patience and generosity of everyone involved across all levels of the study. Finally, we thank all those colleagues who helped to review the articles in this issue. While Weaver’s (1998a) volume—followed in 2012 by an expanded study of 31 countries and territories (Weaver and Willnat 2012)—presents a seminal work for the field, it also had limitations. Nowadays nearly three-quarters of the 50 tallest skyscrapers in the world are located in Asia. To our amazement, this target was achieved in all but three countries, providing an immensely robust global data-set. Usually breaking news delay a day or two before it can be published and get to readers. The sample included 2100 journalists from more than 400 news organizations in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda and the United States. There now exist sizeable bodies of works in a whole range of communication studies sub-disciplines which look beyond national horizons in order to arrive at more universal understandings of various phenomena (Esser and Hanitzsch 2012). Throughout history, the United States had come off as a stubborn nation that would take what they wanted at any cost. Through collaborating with researchers from a great number of countries, we created a sustainable scholarly community that extends to all inhabited continents. The WJS Executive Committee consists of seven members of the network, each person coordinating one of the following seven regions covered by the study: (Sub-Saharan) Africa, Asia, Oceania, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America/the Caribbean, the Middle East (and North Africa), as well as Western Europe and North America. Every time we discussed the questionnaire for the 2012–2015 survey, we could have easily come up with ever more questions to be added to what already was a long and partly unmanageable list of questions. Gender Similarities and Differences. If you are already a PR or Journalism guru then this should just be a quick overview of … This model also attempts to avoid a too heavy Western-centric focus in the study. Journalism Studies Center, Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Austria. We have provided clear and concise instructions to the whole research network, supplemented by numerous explanations and reminders, and yet not everyone appeared to read those guidelines with the same care. The WOSM is broken up into 6 regions: Africa, Arab, Asia-Pacific, Eurasia, Europe, and Interamerica. This includes the involvement of researchers from all countries during the design phase, such as discussions about the questionnaire to be used, thus arriving at a version that is—as much as is possible in such endeavors—applicable, useful and understandable for journalists across a whole range of political, economic, social and cultural contexts. Such studies have shown that certain similarities exist between journalism cultures across the globe, but also that significant differences persist, owing to a variety of political, economic, cultural, technological and historical factors. Of course, as we have outlined here, the project is not perfect and future iterations will continue to strive to improve methodological aspects. Educational systems around the world have many differences, though the same factors—including resources and money—affect every educational system. In other cases, however, Principal Investigators had been actively involved in the data fraud, which in all of these instances led to a termination of the collaboration. By now, the project has become the largest collaborative endeavor in the field, and a model for many other, similar studies. - Little to no social class in the rural non-industrialized societies. As mentioned above, the study was rather small. One of the main differences between journalism and fiction/creative nonfiction may seem trivial to those who’ve never gone through an editorial vetting of your words. Further, an enormous amount of time and effort went into producing a common survey instrument which was to be employed in each country. We do not think it is an exaggeration to say that the pilot study was incredibly, and partly unexpectedly, successful. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email, Comparing Journalistic Cultures Across Nations, What we can learn from the Worlds of Journalism Study. 2012; Weaver and Willnat 2012; Wilke, Heimprecht, and Cohen 2012). This introduction to the special issue on “Comparing Journalistic Cultures” provides a brief overview of these challenges, before providing an overview of the genesis of the Worlds of Journalism Study, an unprecedented, global and collaborative undertaking to examine journalistic culture in 66 countries. As a service to the whole research network, we carefully reviewed these data-sets for problems, clarified potential issues with the local Principal Investigators, and turned all data-sets into a standardized format for dissemination to all collaborators. At the same time, the success of the Worlds of Journalism Study quickly led to plans for a second stage, which would see the original study expanded to more than 60 countries, with the aim of gathering representative samples from all involved countries. Research in journalism studies around the world consistently highlights the existence of similarities and differences across cultures which signify the natural diversities in our world. Journalists typically use the AP Stylebook, updated yearly and available online. An important aspect of the way we organized the network is the democratic legitimacy of all individuals steering the study in key managerial positions. And here, we believe, the Worlds of Journalism Study has been extremely innovative in coping with the managerial and practical complexities arising from geographical growth and large-scale comparative research. To provide a first glimpse at some of the results of the study, as well as the kinds of comparisons that are possible with the data that was gathered, this special issue includes eight articles, with each focusing on different aspects and from different theoretical premises. For all the differences in around the world, like languages, how humans dress, why we do the things we do, there seem to be a lot of similarities even historians can’t figure out why. Having concluded its fieldwork phase at the end of 2015, this second phase of the Worlds of Journalism Study has now come to the stage where the first results are available, allowing us insights into the range of similarities and differences across journalistic cultures globally. 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