Die einfachsten Hauptmikrofonaufstellungen sind hier X/Y-Stereofonie (zwei Nierenmikrofone mit dem entsprechenden Achsenwinkel zueinander, aber dicht am selben Ort) und MS-Stereofonie (Kugelmikrofon für die Mono-Summe (M) und Achtermikrofon für das Links/Rechts-Differenzsignal (S), über eine elektronische Matrix zu Links und Rechts gemischt). März 2009 – Vor 45 Jahren: WDR-Hörfunk startet Stereo-Ausstrahlungen, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stereofonie&oldid=211567450, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Dictionary ... Damian turned down the stereo blasting trance music and faced her, crossing his arms as she closed the door. Originally, in the late 1950s and 1960s, stereophonic sound was marketed as seeming "richer" or "fuller-sounding" than monophonic sound, but these sorts of claims were and are highly subjective, and again, dependent on the equipment used to reproduce the sound. [39][40][41], The earliest approach to stereo (then commonly called "binaural") radio used two separate transmissions to individually send the left and right audio channels, which required listeners to operate two receivers in order to hear the stereo effect. The format was a spectacular widescreen process featuring three separate 35mm motion picture films (plus a separate sound film) running in synchronization with one another at 26 fps, adding one picture panel each to the viewer's left and right at 45-degree angles, in addition to the usual front and center panel, creating a truly immersive panoramic visual experience, comparable in some ways to today's curved screen IMAX OMNI. Großen Deutschen Funk-Ausstellung in Berlin am 30. Die Lautsprecher müssen in Richtung des Zuhörers zeigen. Stereo recordings often cannot be played on monaural systems without a significant loss of fidelity. Das ist das gleichseitige „60°-Stereodreieck“. Man kann das Ganze auch als Analogie zu einer Bühnenaufführung verstehen, bei dem die Schauspieler agieren und dem Auditorium mit seinen Reaktionen oder auch als Dokumentarfilm mit den Stimmen die zum akustischen Hintergrund und Musik platziert sind etc. Anfang 1934 waren die „Abbey Road Studios“ der EMI mit der „binauralen“ Technik betriebsbereit und die ersten Experimente mit Musik wurden am 11. und 12. Bei einer Laufzeitdifferenz von etwa Δt = 1,5 ms (1 bis 2 ms) nimmt der Hörer eine vollständige Auslenkung (100 % Hörereignisrichtung) aus der Richtung eines Lautsprechers wahr. Bei Popmusik-Studioproduktionen werden die einzelnen Klangelemente (Gesang, Instrumente, …) in einzelnen Spuren (Tracks) getrennt voneinander und nacheinander aufgenommen. [80] In 1958, the first group of mass-produced stereo two-channel vinyl records was issued, by Audio Fidelity in the US and Pye in Britain, using the Westrex "45/45" single-groove system. Because of the standard 35 mm-size film, CinemaScope and its stereophonic sound was capable of being retrofitted into existing theaters. one running from the edge of the disc to halfway through and the other starting at the halfway point and ending up towards the label, but he used two lateral grooves with a 500 Hz crossover in the inner track to try and compensate for the lower fidelity and high frequency distortion on the inner track. not only on the other side of the mechanism, but facing the other way as well so that both tonearms could start at the edge and play to the center. Tragbare Stereogeräte (Radiorekorder, auch „Ghettoblaster“ genannt) haben die Lautsprecher fest in 20 bis 30 cm Entfernung voneinander eingebaut. Producers often took advantage of the six magnetic soundtracks available for 70mm film release prints, and productions shot in either 65MM or to save money, in 35MM and then blown up to 70MM. Both were services available by coin-operated receivers at hotels and cafés, or by subscription to private homes.[4]. In "Stereo" zeigt Carolin Emcke eine bislang wenig bekannte Seite ihrer Persönlichkeit: "Ich glaube, ich bin ein durch und durch von Musik durchzogener Mensch", sagt sie. The first (made on March 12, 1932), of Scriabin's Prometheus: Poem of Fire, is the earliest known surviving intentional stereo recording.[8]. Mischformen, die nach dem Prinzip der Äquivalenzstereofonie Lokalisationsinformationen sowohl über Laufzeit- als auch über Pegeldifferenzen enthalten, versuchen, die Vorteile beider Verfahren zu verbinden. (See Gramophone record for more on lateral and vertical recording.). Wird nun das Signal auf dem einen Lautsprecher durch Laufzeitverzögerung verändert, so wandert die Hörereignisrichtung in die Richtung des anderen Lautsprechers. Stereo is used to describe a recording or a system of playing music in which the sound is directed through two speakers. In November 1957, the small Audio Fidelity Records label released the first mass-produced stereophonic disc. stereo définition, signification, ce qu'est stereo: 1. a way of recording or playing sound so that it is separated into two signals and produces more…. Stereo Hearts ist ein Song aus der dreizehnten Episode der dritten Staffel, Gorilla mit Herz, und wird von The God Squad mit Mercedes´ Kirchenchor gesungen. Advertising Programs Business Solutions About Google Google.com. Tontechniker bezeichnen diese Art der Aufnahme und Mischung als Knüppelstereofonie. The audio engineer may, and often does, use more than two microphones (sometimes many more) and may mix them down to two tracks in ways that exaggerate the separation of the instruments, in order to compensate for the mixture that occurs when listening via speakers. [citation needed] Therefore, many of the two-track stereo tape recordings of the period were priced at a premium, upwards of $12.95-$18.95 a piece. It is sung by the God Squad and Mercedes' church choir, with solos from Joe, Mercedes, and Sam. These are sometimes used to provide two mono sound channels that are in different languages, rather than stereo. Due to the lack of differences in time-of-arrival/phase ambiguities, the sonic characteristic of X-Y recordings has less sense of space and depth when compared to recordings employing an A-B setup. Multichannel television sound is used mainly in the Americas. Several stereophonic test recordings, using two microphones connected to two styli cutting two separate grooves on the same wax disc, were made with Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra at Philadelphia's Academy of Music in March 1932. Um einen guten stereofonen Klangeindruck zu erleben, müssen eine Reihe von Bedingungen erfüllt sein: Zwar befindet sich heute in den meisten Haushalten, Schulen oder Konferenzräumen eine Stereo-Wiedergabemöglichkeit, die genannten Bedingungen sind aber aufgrund der räumlichen Gegebenheiten nur selten erfüllt. The progress of stereophonic sound was paced by the technical difficulties of recording and reproducing two or more channels in synchronization with one another, and by the economic and marketing issues of introducing new audio media and equipment. A December 11, 1952 closed-circuit television performance of Carmen, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City to 31 theaters across the United States, included a stereophonic sound system developed by RCA. Auch wenn er Stereo nicht verstand, 22. [46] In December of that year the British Broadcasting Company's (BBC) long wave station, 5XX in Daventry, Northamptonshire, participated in the first British stereo broadcast – a concert from Manchester, conducted by Sir Hamilton Harty – with 5XX transmitting nationally the right channel, and local BBC stations broadcasting the left channel on mediumwave. Although the recorded signals are generally intended for playback over stereo loudspeakers, reproduction over headphones can provide remarkably good results, depending on the microphone arrangement. Synonyme (Andere Wörter) für Stereo system & Antonyme (Entgegengesetzte Bedeutung) für Stereo system. Weitere qualitative Vorteile erzielte der Hörfunk 1973 mit der Einführung der binauralen Tonaufnahme. Later that same year, more experimental stereo recordings were conducted with Leopold Stokowski and a group of New York studio musicians at RCA Victor Studios in New York City. 1⁄3 rpm; a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm) diameter; use of the "microgroove" groove specification; and a vinyl composition disk. Dazu wird ein Teil der hohen Frequenzen jedes Kanals gegenphasig (also verpolt) dem jeweils anderen Kanal zugemischt. His earliest notes on the subject are dated 25 September 1931, and his patent had the title "Improvements in and relating to Sound-transmission, Sound-recording and Sound-reproducing Systems". A "shuffling" circuit, which aimed to preserve the directional effect when sound from a spaced pair of microphones was reproduced via stereo headphones instead of a pair of loudspeakers; The use of a coincident pair of velocity microphones with their axes at right angles to each other, which is still known as a ". West Germany's second television network, ZDF, began offering stereo programs in 1984.[66]. Numerous early two-track-stereo reel-to-reel tapes as well as several experimental stereo disc formats of the early 1950s branded themselves as binaural, however they were merely different incarnations of the above-described stereo or two-track mono recording methods (lead vocal or instrument isolated on one channel and orchestra on the other sans lead.). [note 1] By 1953, Cook had a catalog of about 25 stereo records for sale to audiophiles.[26]. [citation needed] The very first two-track recording MGM made (although released in mono) was "It Never Rains But What It Pours" by Judy Garland, recorded on June 21, 1938, for the movie Love Finds Andy Hardy. [34][35] The move generated such a great deal of publicity[36] that early stereo phonograph dealers were forced to demonstrate on Audio Fidelity Records. The patent covered many ideas in stereo, some of which are used today and some not. [58], Following experimental FM stereo transmissions in the London area in 1958 and regular Saturday morning demonstration transmissions using TV sound and medium wave (AM) radio to provide the two channels, the first regular BBC transmissions using an FM stereo signal began on the BBC's Third Programme network on August 28, 1962. That same year Doolittle began a year-long series of test transmissions, using his mediumwave broadcasting station, WPAJ in New Haven, Connecticut, which was temporarily authorized to concurrently operate a second transmitter. Meinen neuen Song "Glücklicher Allein" könnt ihr jetzt ÜBERALL streamen!! [82], Method of sound reproduction using two audio channels, "Stereo" and "Stereophonic" redirect here. 1 mass noun Sound that is directed through two or more speakers so that it seems to surround the listener and to come from more than one source; stereophonic sound. Around 300 recordings were made of various symphonies, most of which were seized by the Red Army at the end of World War II. Walt Disney brachte seinen Zeichentricklangfilm Fantasia (1940) in „Fantasound“, einem frühen stereofonischen Tonverfahren heraus, das zur damaligen Zeit aber nur die wenigsten Kinos wiedergeben konnten. Man unterscheidet bei der Mikrofonierung insbesondere zwischen Laufzeit-Stereofonie und Intensitätsstereofonie (Pegeldifferenzstereofonie). [56] In April 1961 the FCC adopted stereophonic FM technical standards, largely based on a Zenith-General Electric proposal, with licensed regular stereophonic FM radio broadcasting set to begin in the United States on June 1, 1961. Stereo sound provides a more natural listening experience, since the spatial location of the source of a sound is (at least in part) reproduced. The advent of NICAM stereo sound with TV rendered this unnecessary. Das hat recht wenig mit Stereo zu tun, außer dass aus jedem Lautsprecher etwas Verschiedenes herauskam. The second microphone is generally a variety of cardioid, although Alan Blumlein described the usage of an omnidirectional transducer in his original patent. Beginning in 1957, films recorded in stereo (except for those shown in Cinerama or Todd-AO) carried an alternate mono track for theatres not ready or willing to re-equip for stereo. [67] By 1984, about 12% of the programming, or about 14 or 15 hours per station per week, made use of the multiplex technology. For analog TV (PAL and NTSC), various modulation schemes are used in different parts of the world to broadcast more than one sound channel. [7] Die Instrumentalbegleitung wurde auf einen Kanal und der Gesang auf den anderen Kanal gelegt. A stereo headset can also be used with the phone. What does stereo mean? Once these considerably quieter compounds were developed, it was discovered that the rubber-idler-wheel driven turntables of the period had a great deal of low-frequency rumble – but only in the lateral plane. In 1954 United States, the average weekly salary was $60. Stereo Definition: Stereo is used to describe a sound system in which the sound is played through two... | Bedeutung, Aussprache, Übersetzungen und Beispiele Diese Aufnahmetechnik zeichnet das Schallsignal etwa so auf, wie der Mensch es direkt an seinen Trommelfellen hört. "Lost in Stereo" is a song by American rock band All Time Low and the third and last single taken from their third studio album, Nothing Personal (2009). Inspired by Cinerama, the movie industry moved quickly to create simpler and cheaper widescreen systems, the first of which, Todd-AO, was developed by Broadway promoter Michael Todd with financial backing from Rodgers and Hammerstein, to use a single 70mm film running at 30 frames per second with 6 magnetic sound tracks, for their screen presentation of "Oklahoma!". The two recorded channels will be similar, but each will have distinct time-of-arrival and sound-pressure-level information. Leopold Stokowski, normally the orchestra's conductor, was present in Constitution Hall to control the sound mix. Robert Alexander (2013). Balance can mean the amount of signal from each channel reproduced in a stereo audio recording. Der Raum soll ein sinnvolles Maß an Dämpfung besitzen (geringer Hall, geringe Reflexionen an Wänden). When Audio Fidelity released its stereophonic demonstration disc, there was no affordable magnetic cartridge on the market capable of playing it. Genauer sind es allein die Schalldruckunterschiede, die hier wirksam sind und welche die Richtung der gehörten Phantomschallquelle bestimmen. Nur die Boxen zur Wiedergabe mittlerer und hoher Frequenzen (Satelliten) werden an relativ zum Hörer festgelegten Orten aufgestellt. This technique can produce phase issues when the stereo signal is mixed to mono. But stereo radio was delayed in Sweden because of the two competing systems. The first stereo recordings using magnetic tape were made in Germany in the early 1940s using Magnetophon recorders. American English : stereo / ˈstɪər-, ˈstɛrioʊ / Left and right audio was distributed to the two transmitters by dual microphones, placed about 7 inches (18 cm) apart in order to mimic the distance between a person's ears. [7], In 1934, Blumlein recorded Mozart's Jupiter Symphony conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham at Abbey Road Studios in London using his vertical-lateral technique. Während der Internationalen Elektrizitätsausstellung 1881 ließ er Opernaufführungen mehrkanalig elektrisch in einen entfernten Raum übertragen, wo diese Signale über Telefonhörer abgehört werden konnten. The genesis of these ideas is uncertain, but he explained them to Isaac Shoenberg in the late summer of 1931. Zu Anfang der 1970er Jahre wurden Monoaufnahmen aus Verkaufsgründen „verstereofoniert“, also ein künstliches Stereosignal erzeugt, was mit Pseudostereofonie oder auch mit „Electronic Stereo“ bezeichnet wurde. The advantages of the 45/45 system are that it has greater compatibility with monophonic recording and playback systems. Wird diese Aufnahme wie vorgesehen mit einem Kopfhörer abgehört (Kopftrennung), so empfängt der Hörer wieder das ursprüngliche Schallereignis an den Ohren und kann die Richtungen der Geräusche lokalisieren, wobei die genaue Vornelokalisation nicht immer gelingt. (Blumlein was killed in a plane crash while testing radar equipment during WW-II, and he, therefore, never reduced the system to actual practice through both a recording and a reproducing means.) The recording engineer's goal is usually to create a stereo "image" with localization information. Bei transportablen Geräten mit geringem Lautsprecherabstand wird daher oft eine elektronische Basisverbreiterung oder Basisbreitenvergrößerung (auch „3D-Stereo-Effekt“ genannt) angewendet. During playback, the listener's brain uses those subtle differences in timing and sound level to triangulate the positions of the recorded objects. This is cause for much confusion, since five (or more)-channel home theater systems are not popularly described as "stereo". Im einfachsten Fall erfolgt die horizontal verteilte Abbildung allein durch Pegelunterschiede Δ L oder durch Laufzeitunterschiede Δ t der beiden Lautsprechersignale. Unlike the 4-track mag release-print stereo films of the period which featured four thin strips of magnetic material running down the length of the film, inside and outside the sprocket holes, the sound system developed for House of Wax, dubbed WarnerPhonic, was a combination of a 35 mm fully coated magnetic film that contained the audio tracks for Left-Center-Right, interlocked with the two dual-strip Polaroid system projectors, one of which carried a mono optical surround track and one that carried a mono backup track, should anything go wrong. Google offered in: Français. Over a quarter of a century later, it was decided to tilt the recording head 45 degrees off to the right side so that both the low frequency rumble and high frequency distortion were shared equally by both channels, producing the 45/45 system we know today. In the 1980s, satellite delivery of both television and radio programs made this fairly tedious process of synchronization unnecessary. Zwar ist die Wiedergabe stereofon, jedoch müsste der Zuhörer für einen guten Stereoeindruck seinen Kopf unmittelbar vor das Gerät halten. The EIAJ FM/FM subcarrier system is used in Japan. Für die UKW-Sender (FM) in der BRD wurde auf der 25. 1967/68 betrieb jede Landesrundfunkanstalt mindestens ein UKW-Sendernetz stereophon. Die frühesten Vorläufer der Stereotechnik gehen auf den französischen Flugpionier und Erfinder Clément Ader zurück. In the UK, Decca Records began recording sessions in stereo in mid-1954, and by that time even smaller labels in the U.S. such as Concertapes, Bel Canto and Westminster along with major labels such as RCA Victor began releasing stereophonic recordings on two-track prerecorded reel-to-reel magnetic tape, priced at twice or three times the cost of monaural recordings, which retailed for around $2.95 to $3.95 apiece for a standard monaural LP. The Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) "duopoly" rule limited station owners to one AM station per market. Bei der Intensitätsstereofonie werden zwei Mikrofone verwendet, deren Richtwirkung so ausgenutzt wird, dass die Pegeldifferenz der Signale auf den beiden Kanälen eine bestimmte Hörereignisrichtung bei der Wiedergabe auf der Stereo-Lautsprecherbasis hervorruft. This uses two parallel omnidirectional microphones some distance apart, capturing time-of-arrival stereo information as well as some level (amplitude) difference information – especially if employed in close proximity to the sound source(s). By combining multiple "pan-potted" mono signals together, a complete, yet entirely artificial, sound field can be created. For AM broadcasting very few stations transmit in stereo, in part due to the limited audio quality of the majority of receivers, and the scarcity of AM stereo receivers. Sporadic network transmission of stereo audio began on NBC on July 26, 1984, with The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson – although at the time, only the network's New York City flagship station, WNBC-TV, had stereo broadcast capability. It was adopted by the FCC as the United States standard for stereo television transmission in 1984. Stream and download in Hi-Res on Qobuz.com Japanese television began multiplex (stereo) sound broadcasts in 1978,[66] and regular transmissions with stereo sound came in 1982. within the original recording. [45], In 1925 it was reported that additional experimental stereo transmissions had been conducted in Berlin, Germany, again with two mediumwave transmissions. Zumindest bei den mikrofonnahen Instrumenten allerdings immer auch ein gewisser Pegelunterschied der Lautsprechersignale! Zuhörer sollte sich an der Entwicklung der Schneidestichel beteiligt, um binaurale Signale Schellack-Platte! 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